My dog hates to be inside...?

I know most people with small dog say "my dog hates to be OUTSIDE" but I have a min pin, he's rather large, about 16 lbs. and he hates to be inside. He is a rescue and they stated that he was crate trained, so even though I don't like crates I put him in one for a few hrs at a time and he hated it and deliberately pooped everywhere and tore up everything. So then I tried giving him free run of a small part of the house and he pooped and peed on purpose everywhere and was miserable. I use to let him sit outside on my porch (it is enclosed with railing) even when I was gone because he hates staying in the house but recently a neighbor let him out without permission and he was attacked by a pit bull and almost died. Also my rescue contract states I cannot leave him outside for more than an hour. So needless to say I do not want to leave him out anymore. I don't know what to do through. It is not just separation anxiety because he rarely comes inside even when I am home. I walk him twice a day and take him either to my parents farm or the dog park once a week to run loose and play with other dogs... I've tried dog videos, music and interactive toys but he ignores everything. I think he just enjoys watching the going ons in the neighborhood, I live in town. Ideally I would leave him out because that is what makes him happy but I don't want the rescue to take him away. The only time he likes to come in is when it gets dark or to grab a quick nap or a few pats from me and then he is ready to go out again. Anyone else with this problem or solutions?